Download toefl ibt pdf

Speaking skills are evaluated. Some tasks integrate skills, such as reading, listening, and speaking. Knowledge of grammar is not tested separately but is tested indirectly in all sections of the test. Reading passages are similar to those in textbooks and other course materials.

Listening content includes conversations, lectures, and discussions about campus situations and academic topics. For example, a test taker will read a passage, listen to a lecture, and then write or speak in response. The integrated—skills tasks reflect how people use language in real life. They are a useful measure of how well prospective students will be able to communicate in an English—speaking environment.

There is no single passing score for all institutions; rather, each institution sets its own standards for admission. Generally, graduate programs require a higher score than do undergraduate programs. In each section of the test, the number of raw points earned is converted to a scaled section score of 0 to The four section scores are combined to obtain the total test score of 0 to In the Listening section, most correct answers will earn 1 raw point, but some questions may be worth 2 points.

In the Speaking section, each of the six responses will earn a raw score of 1 to 4 points. In the Writing section, the two responses will each earn a raw score of 1 to 5 points. The table on the next page shows a general comparison of the total test scores in the two scales. The course has two objectives: 1 to prepare students to take the TOEFL iBT, and 2 to build the language skills necessary for success in college and university.

Advanced Skill Practice contains 35 skill units and four full—length practice tests, with 1, questions that are similar in form and content to those on the TOEFL iBT. There is ample material for 15 weeks of study. The book and audio can be used in many ways: as the primary text in a comprehensive TOEFL preparation course; as the primary or secondary text for courses in reading, listening, speaking, or writing skills; or as a resource for independent study, laboratory, or tutoring.

Advanced Skill Practice is inspired by cognitive learning theory and designed around how people learn language. Its organizing scheme is the five—part unit composed of Focus, Study, Practice, Extension, and Progress.

Focus Each unit begins with an exercise to focus attention, activate prior learning, and help students predict the content. Focus presents a short text—a reading passage, a conversation, a lecture, or part of an essay—and challenges the learner to identify a relevant principle.

Focus stimulates inductive thinking. The exercises can be done in class or as homework. Study Study provides instruction in one of the four skill areas: reading, listening, speaking, or writing. Study defines relevant terms and concepts, explains how the skill will be tested, provides sample questions, explains answers, and suggests useful strategies.

The content can form the basis of classroom instruction, or it can be studied independently. Practice Practice consists of sets of test questions that challenge students to apply their skills.

They can be done in class or assigned as homework. Extension activities are student—centered, and many of them engage students in finding or creating their own TOEFL—like texts. Progress Regular assessment is an integral part of skill building. Thirty—four timed quizzes simulate parts of the TOEFL, with each quiz assessing the skills studied in one or more units. Quiz content builds cumulatively, with some quizzes covering material from several units. One test can be administered as a pre—test at the beginning of a test preparation course.

Answer Key The Answer Key provides the correct answers for all exercises, quizzes and tests. The Answer Key includes short explanations and references to relevant units for further study.

Audio Scripts The Audio Scripts are the transcripts for the companion audio. The scripts can be used to check answers. They can also be used in other ways. For example, students can read the conversations aloud in class, or they can study vocabulary and idioms in context. Progress Charts Students can graph their scores for all quizzes and tests on the Progress Charts in the back of the book. The charts motivate students and encourage them to set goals for achievement.

Companion Audio The companion audio is presented in mp3 format on a single disk. The audio files are the listening component for all exercises, quizzes, and tests in the book. In addition to being used for TOEFL preparation, the recordings can be used for practice in note taking and summarizing and for the study of pronunciation, vocabulary, idioms, and English for academic purposes.

Depending on student need, some skill areas may require greater attention than do others. The 15—week Test Preparation Course is suitable for a typical semester of study, in which a class meets for five hours per week. For shorter terms of study, the course outline can be divided into two terms of six to eight weeks each, or it can be condensed to fit a 10—week quarter. In such cases, using one of the full—length tests as a diagnostic pre—test will reveal skill areas requiring attention.

Content can be selected based on student need. Teams of researchers have been tracking changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species in Europe and North America. They have found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring, leading them to conclude that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species northward.

These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations, and changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?

The question asks you to identify the answer that best conveys the meaning of this sentence: These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. Look at the ideas in each part of the sentence: These studies are hard evidence The correct answer is Climate change is recent, but there is strong proof that species are reacting.

Compare the ideas in both sentences: These studies are hard evidence Climate change is recent The correct answer is a paraphrase of the original sentence. It expresses the same ideas in different words. Paraphrases A paraphrase is a restatement of another sentence that gives the same information as the original sentence but in a different way.

Paraphrases may have different sentence structure or use different words. They often use synonyms, words that have the same meaning, or nearly the same meaning, as the words in the original sentence.

You can identify the paraphrase of a sentence by focusing on the essential information in the original sentence. Essential information is the most important information in the sentence. Paraphrase questions look like this: Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

Sentence Structure A paraphrase may have different sentence structure, or it may put the clauses in a different order. Original Sentence Paraphrase Despite the social, technical, and Architecture is one of the visual arts, even functional aspects of buildings—those though the social, technical, and functional that link architecture most closely to aspects of buildings link architecture to history—architecture exists in the realm history.

Most birds have body temperatures The body temperatures of most mammals between 40 and 42 degrees Celsius, are between 36 and 38 degrees Celsius, while most mammals have body and those of birds are between 40 and 42 temperatures between 36 and 38 degrees. Synonym Clues A paraphrase may contain synonyms. A synonym is a word or phrase with the same meaning as another word or phrase.

Here are some examples, with synonyms shown in italics. Original Sentence Paraphrase Generally, most adult human stomachs The stomach of an adult person is usually hold slightly more than four cups of full when it contains just over four cups of food, but the stomach can expand to food, but it can stretch to hold up to 16 accommodate as many as 16 cups. The supply of natural ice was an Natural ice supply was a separate business industry unto itself in the late nineteenth in the late nineteenth century, and century, and refrigeration with ice refrigeration with ice became cheaper and became more inexpensive and accessible.

Pronoun Clues A pronoun in the highlighted sentence may refer to something in a previous sentence. The correct paraphrase may use the referent instead of the pronoun. Here are some examples, with pronouns and their referents shown in italics: Original Sentence Paraphrase Culture consists of the language, values, norms, and artifacts that define and unite Contact with other cultures is a way of a society.

These can be spread from one spreading language, values, norms, and society to another through culture contact. This is why when a plane travels at a A plane moving faster than the speed of speed faster than the speed of sound, its sound has a speed of Mach 1, after the speed is referred to as Mach 1. Answer Choices In paraphrase questions, the incorrect answer choices may be incorrect because they: have a different meaning from that of the original sentence; omit information or ideas that are necessary to the meaning of the original sentence; or include information or ideas that are not in the original sentence.

The correct answer is Refugees are unable to produce food, and poor people cannot afford food. Look at the information in the original sentence and how it is paraphrased in the correct answer: Original Sentence Paraphrase People who are uprooted cannot grow Refugees are unable to produce food food those who are poor cannot buy it poor people cannot afford food Why are the other three answers incorrect?

Food cannot be grown in some regions because the soil is too poor and People cannot survive solely on root crops, which are poor in nutrients both have a different meaning from that of the original sentence. Some people can relocate to find food, but poor people have nowhere to go has a new idea, poor people have nowhere to go, which is not in the original sentence.

Look at the information in the original sentence and how it is paraphrased in the correct answer: Original Sentence Paraphrase If we factor in the quality of life if the quality of life is considered then the carrying capacity of Earth Earth can support fewer people will be much smaller than if we simply estimate how much food if avoiding starvation is most important it takes to avoid starvation The other three answers do not accurately express the essential information in the original sentence.

At what decibel level does the risk of hearing loss begin? Which sounds could contribute to hearing loss? Click on 2 answers. A conversation at close range A rock band at close range A jet engine at close range A vacuum cleaner at close range Stop Question 1 asks you to identify the decibel level at which the risk of hearing loss begins. The professor says: The danger zone—the risk of injury—begins at around Continual exposure to sounds above 90 decibels can damage your hearing.

Therefore, the correct answer is 90 decibels. Question 2 asks you to identify the sounds that could contribute to hearing loss. For this question, there are two correct answers. The professor says: Lots of everyday noises are bad for us in the long run. For example…. A rock band at close range is decibels. A jet engine at close range is one of the worst culprits at an ear—busting decibels.

The correct answers are A rock band at close range and A jet engine at close range. These two questions ask about some important details in the talk. The details support the main idea that long—term exposure to noise can cause hearing loss. What other details can you recall from the talk? Details Details are specific bits of information, such as facts, descriptions, definitions, reasons, and examples. Detail questions ask you to recall specific information from the conversation or lecture, but do not require you to make inferences.

What does the man suggest the woman do? Taking Notes During the test, you will hear each conversation and lecture only one time. You may take notes while you listen. Taking notes will help you remember important details, so it is a useful skill to develop.

In lectures, the speaker will often define and explain key terms. Sometimes you will see a blackboard with key words or phrases. Whenever you see a blackboard, listen carefully and take notes about that information because there is likely to be a question about it. Content Words Listen again to the recording for the Focus exercise.

Listen for important details and content words. Album 1, Track 5 Long—term exposure to noise can lead to loss of hearing. The relative loudness of sounds is measured in decibels. Just to give you an idea of what this means, the sound of a whisper is 30 decibels, while a normal conversation is 60 decibels.

The noise a vacuum cleaner makes is around 85 decibels. The danger zone—the risk of injury—begins at around Loud noises—especially when they come at you every day—all this noise can damage the delicate hair cells in your inner ear.

Lots of everyday noises are bad for us in the long run. For example, a car horn sounds at around decibels. The first thing to go is your high—frequency hearing, where you detect the consonant sounds in words. Stop 4. Remember, you can answer all of the questions based on the information you hear in the conversations and lectures. You do not need special knowledge of the topics to answer the questions correctly.

C Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each lecture. Album 1, Track 8 1. What is a pigment? What is the lecture mainly about? A A chemical used for cleaning painting A What parents should consider when buying equipment toys for young children B A cover to protect paintings from the effects B Differences between children and monkeys of sunlight in their choice of toys C A substance that gives its color to another C The importance of play in the socialization material of preschool children D A synthetic fabric that is suitable for D The relationship of gender and toy painting on preferences in young children 2.

According to the instructor, what characteristic 7. According to the professor, what does research should a pigment have? A Ability to be applied at any temperature A Very young children prefer brightly colored toys. B Ability to dry quickly after application B There are few differences between boys and girls.

C No loss of strength when dissolved C Children do not always like the toys they are given. D No harmful reaction with other pigments D The research on this topic has been controversial. How are pigments generally classified? According to research mentioned by the professor, what types of toys do male monkeys prefer? Which natural pigment did the Romans obtain from a shellfish? At what age do children start showing gender differences in their choice of toys?

According to the instructor, why are synthetic pigments superior to natural pigments? What is the main point made in the lecture? A It is a sexist plot to have different toys for A They last for a longer time. B They have a smoother surface. B Girls like playing with dolls because of social C They are less expensive. D They provide stronger, brighter colors. C Most children do not care if their toys are for boys or girls. D Boys and girls naturally prefer different types of toys.

The professor makes some suggestions, but then she says: Is that all? I have a faculty meeting in five minutes. The professor does not directly state her true meaning.

She says that she has a faculty meeting in five minutes, but her full meaning is that she must end the conversation in order to attend the meeting. Therefore, the correct answer is To signal an end to the conversation.

You must use your understanding of the context to infer the function of her statement. Language Function Language has a function, a communication purpose in a particular setting.

Words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning by serving a specific function in a social context. Speakers use language for various functions. They use language to express feelings such as likes, dislikes, agreement, disagreement, interest, surprise, disbelief, confusion, and anxiety. They also use language to manage conversations, for example, to indicate a change of topic or to end a conversation.

Select the sentence that best expresses how the man probably feels. Speakers may use language to perform the following functions in conversations and lectures: Signal a change of topic Introduce a new concept Point out a mistake Give an example Express surprise or disbelief Emphasize importance Express disagreement Start a digression Ask for clarification Tell a personal story Signal the end of a conversation Draw a conclusion 2.

A speaker may convey meaning indirectly, for example, by emphasizing key words. A speaker may use pauses and intonation to communicate his or her level of certainty. Understanding function sometimes requires you to make an inference, a conclusion based on what a speaker implies. I thought the TA said first we need to calculate the present value of an asset.

Listen again to the recording for the Focus exercise. Listen for clues to the context and for key sentences that express function.

W: All right. W: Did you check the list of abstracts in the database I talked about in class? W: Maybe you need to refine your search. M: Maybe … uh … all right. I guess I can keep trying. W: Is that all? M: Uh There is something else I wanted to talk about, another idea I have. W: All right, Dylan. See you then. Use your time wisely with the latest test-taking strategies.

Don't settle for just learning what is on the test. Learn how to be successful with that knowledge. Test Prep Books has drilled down the top test-taking tips. This will help you save time and avoid making common mistakes on test day. It includes review material, practice test questions, and test-taking strategies. It has everything you need for success. Author : Pamela J.

Sharpe,Stephen J. This four-book set features test-like practice exams, audio tracks online and on CD, and essential review to help you prepare for the exam. Find Full eBook. Free sample essays. Reading Test Format and Information. Essay Writing Test Format and Topics. Listening Test Information and mp3. Speaking Test Information. Our practice tests are taken online and are in the same format as the actual examination.

Each of our practice tests contains reading, listening, writing, and speaking sections like the real exam. The reading and listening sections of our online practice tests contain an instant feedback feature to explain each answer and to show you why each answer is correct or incorrect. The speaking part of our TOEFL online tests have recorded high-level student responses, with their texts. When you study the responses, you will learn the expressions and grammatical constructions that examiners want to hear in your spoken TOEFL responses.